Steam generating installation



Oct. 20, 1931. G. P. JACKSON STEAM GENERATING INSTALLATIO N 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet Filed June 1 ATTORNEYS Oct. 20, 1931. G. P. JACKSON STEAM GENERATING INSTALLATION Filed June 1, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR *M ATTORNEYS Patented Oct. 20, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT on-"ice GEORGE P. JACKSON, OF FLUSHING, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR T INTERNATIONAL COM- BUSTION ENGINEERING CORPORATION,

DELAWARE OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF STEAM GENERATING INSTALLATION Application filed June 1, 1929. Serial 1:... 367,668.

This invention relates to steam generating installations and hasfor its primary object the provision of improvements in boilers defining their own combustion space and is especially useful in connection with high pressure boilers, say, for example, in the neighborhood of 1500 pounds or more.

Another object of the invention is to pro vide an installation of this character which is relatively inexpensive and compact, and which has accessibility for the removal and replacement of boiler tubes.

A further object of the invention is to provide, in a steam generator defining its own combustion space and adapted to be operated at high ratings with high capacity, the novel combination therewith of convection tubes, as will hereinafter be more particularly set forth.

My invention also contemplates arrangements of certain of the parts whereby, among other things, simplicity is obtained, and also the steam separating drum of the boiler is relieved of some of its work.

How the foregoing, together with such other objects and advantages as may hereinafter appear, or are incident to my invention, are realized is illustrated in preferred form in the accompanying drawings, wherein Fig. 1 is a vertical section through an installation embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary cross section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary cross section of Fig. 1 taken adjacent a side wall of the installation, and e Fig. 4 is a'fragmentary view looking at the drum from the left in Fig. 1 and illustrates the arrangement of tube connections into the drum.

My improved steamgenerating installation comprises in general a combustion chamher A having boiler elements arranged therein to define the combustion space, and wh ch will-be fully described hereinafter; a boiler unit B of novel construction located above the combustion chamber A; a superheater C located in a superheater space provided in the boiler unit B; means D, preferably tangentially disposed burners, for admitting finely divided fuel and air into the combustion chamber in a manner to produce turbulent, violent and intense combustion; an offtake E for the products of combustion; and economizers in the oiftake, for example a feed watereconomizer F and an air heater G.

The boiler unit B comprises a steam and water drum 5, and a bank of convection tubes 6, the tubes of which are connected at one end into a row of lower rear headers 7 and at the other end into a row of upper front headers 8. The lower rear headers 7 are vertically disposed and are located below the drum and spaced therefrom and the upper front headers 8 are horizontally disposed and are located to one side and spaced from the drum. .I prefer to locate the row of lower headers substantially in the plane of the vertical center line of the cross drum 5 and the row of upper headers substantially in the plane of the horizontal center line of said drum.

The tubes of the bank 6 extend substantially horizontally from the headers 7 for a portion of their length and then bend and extend vertically for the remainder of their length for connection into the row of horizontal headers 8. These tubes are arranged in parallel spacing substantially throughout the bank, or, more specifically stated, the tubes are preferably arranged in parallel spaced rows both vertically and horizontally considered. I prefer, however, to arrange the tubes of the top row 9 in staggered relation to the tubes of the other rows whereby a shading effect is obtained for the superheater C. The end portions of the tubes of this row may be bent to bring them in line with the tubes of the other vertical rows for connection into the headers 7 and 8.

A plurality of tubes 10 are provided for leading Water from the cross drum 5 to the headers 7, the tubes being connected at their upper ends into the waterspace of the drum and at their lower ends into the headers at the top thereof. I prefer to so bend these tubes at their upper end portions that the points of connection into the drum may be arranged in circumferential rows. The upper headers 8 are connected with the steam of tubes 11 connected at one end into the hea ers and at the other end into the drum. The end portions of these tubes are also shown bent so as to enable the points of connection into the drum to be arranged in circumferential rows.

The headers 8 are also connected to the drum 5 by means of a plurality of tubes 12, it being pointed out, however, that the tubes 12 are connected into the water space of the drum. These tubes 12 may be termed recirculating tubes and are provided to give extra relief area to the headers, which area should be as ample as possible to prevent any recirculation occurring in the boiler tubes themselves. Thus it will be seen that the tubes 12 serve to separate water from the water and steam about to enter the drum 5 and consequently the steam separating drum is relieved of extra work in the separation of water and steam. These tubes are preferably slightly inclined towards the drum so that if any steam bubbles should form therein they would be relieved into the drum. The main purpose of the tubes, however, is to conduct solid water to the water space of the drum and thereby make the ercentage of steam to water higher in the tu es 11 which connect into the steam space of the drum. By thus obtaining greater separation before the water and steam enters the drum a higher quality of steam is produced. The boiler thus described is one in which a high quality of steam is obtained without necessarily employing a separate dry drum.

everting now to my novel arrangement of headers with their connecting bank of bent boiler tubes, it is pointed out that many advantages may be derived therefrom among which are the following.

A boiler so constructed is much less rigid than the usual form of cross drum boiler because the bent tubes provide for ample flexibility to take care of any difference in expansion in the various tubes. Also the arrangement provides for ready accessibility for the removal and replacement of tubes as an particular tube can be removed or replace thru the space between rows. This enables me to employ much smaller hand holes in the headers than would be necessaryif the tubes had to be taken out and replaced through the headers. The hand holes need only be large enough for the insertion and use of a tube expander, thus giving stronger headers.- The boiler unit does not require a large space in front for the withdrawal of tubes.

By employing bent tubes extending verticall for a substantial portion of their lengt I gain considerable convection surface for a given depth of the boiler from the front to the rear, enabling me to employ a boiler with relatively long tubes over a com bustion chamber of limited depth without amount of slag trouble will be experienced and cleaning of the boiler tubes is simplified. The arrangement as a whole is relatively 1nex ensive.

t is also pointed out that the arrangement provides a substantial space at 13 in which the superheater C may be conveniently located, into which space the gases leaving the combustion chamber enter a ter passing over and amongst the convection tubes 6, and from which they exit through an outlet 14 to the offtake E.

As has been pointed out above, the combustion chamber is provided with boiler elements which, in this instance, are arranged as follows. The side walls of the combustion chamber, only one of which appears in the drawings, are lined withclosely spaced vertical tubes 15 connected at their uppero and lower ends into headers 16 and 17 respectively; the rear wall 18 is lined with closely spaced vertical tubes 19 connected at their upper ends into a header 20 and at their lower ends into a header or small drum 21; and the front wall 22 is lined with closely spaced vertical tubes 23 connected at their lower ends into a header 24 and at their upper ends into a header 25. A row of tubes 26 extends across the bottom of the combustion chamber, the tubes of this row being spaced suificiently apart to permit gravitating ash particles to fall through the spaces into an ash pit 27 therebelow. The tubes of this row are connected at one end into the header 21 and at the other end into the header 24. A top row of tubes 28 is also provided for "connecting the upper header 25 of the front wall with the steam and water drum 5. It is pointed out that the tubes of this row pass through the spaces between the rows of tubes of the convection bank 6, and that theend portions thereof adjacent the drum are bent in a manner similar to the tubes 11 and 12 hereinbefore described. The tubes of the rear front and side walls may be provided with fins as indicated in Fig. 3. The installation is provided with suitable wall and roofsheathing.

All of the boiler elements or screens just described receive water from the drum 5 by means of a plurality of downcomer tubes leading from the water space of the drum to the lower header or small drum 21. The downcomer tubes are preferably arranged in a plurality of sets 29 of two tubes each and a, plurality of sets 30 each comprising approximately eight tubes. The latter sets are preferably arranged at the end portions of the drum as indicated in Fig. 4. A plurality of tubes 31 are provided for leading water from the header 21 to the lower headers of the side wall screens.

A plurality of upcomers 32 connect the upper header 20 of the rear wall screen to the drum 5, and a plurality of upcomers 33 connect the upper headers 16 of the side wall screens to the drum 5, the upcomer tubes 32 and 33 being connected to the drums at such points that they will deliver into the steam space of the drum. The particular arrangement of the tubes is clearly illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4.

I propose to make the drum 5 as large as 52 inches inside diameter'and this, coupled with the fact thatall; of the steam evaporating elements deliver into the steam space thereof and with the provision for separating some of the water by means of the tubes 12, enables me to procure high quality steam. Bafiling may be provided in the drum to further aid in this connection.

From the foregoing it will be seen that I have provided a steam generating installation having a combustion chamber defined by steam evaporating tubes which is adapted to be fired with extremely turbulent, violent, intense combustion and to be operated at high ratings with high capacity and in which the gases in the upper portion of the combustion chamber are of very high temperature. By locating a'boiler unit of the novel construction above set forth over such a combustion chamber I provide enough convection surface in advance of the superheater, without increasing the depth of the installation, to lower the temperature of the gases sufficiently for proper superheat. The gases after leaving the superheater space pass through "a water tube economizer and an air heater located in the oiftake whereby their temperature is still further lowered to be within allowable limits.

I claim 1. A steam generating installation comprising, in combination; a boiler including a steam and water drum, vertical headers therebelow, tubes connecting the water space of the drum with said headers, horizontal headers to one side of the drum and located substantially at the level of the horizontal center line of said drum, tubes connecting said horizontal headers with the steam space of the drum, tubes connecting said horizontal headers with the water space of the drum, and a bank of bent boiler tubes connecting the vertical headers with the horizontal headers; a combustion chamber located beneath said boiler; sets of boiler tubes in said combustion chamber and marginal of combustion space thereof; downcomer tubes leading from the water space of the boiler .drum to said sets of boiler tubes; upcomer tubes leadingfrom said sets of boiler tubes to the steam space of the boiler drum; means for introducing fuel into the combustion chamber to be burned therein; said boiler being of a depth from frontto back approximately equal to the depth of the combustion chamber; a superheater located in the space provided between said bent boiler tubes and the drum, an offtake from said space and economizer means in said olftake.

2. A steam generating installation comprising, in combination; a boiler including a steam and water drum, vertical headers therebelow, tubes connecting the water space of the drum with said headers, horizontal headers to one side of the drum and located substantially at the level of the horizontal center line of said drum, tubes connecting said horizontal headers with the steam space of the drum, tubes connecting said horizon tal headers with the water space of the drum, and a bank of bent boiler tubes connecting the vertical headers with the horizontal headers, said boiler tubes extending substantially horizontally for a portion of their length and vertically for the remainder of their length and being arranged in parallel spacing substantially throughout the bank; a combustion chamber located beneath said boiler; boiler elements in said combustion chamber including vertical tubes and header means into which the tubes connect at their upper ends; tubes'connecting said last mentioned header means with the drum, said tubes passing through spaces provided be tween the tubes of the aforesaid bank of boiler tubes; and means for introducing fuel into the combustion chamber to be burned therein.

3. A steam generating installation comprising, in combination; a boiler including a steam and water drum, a bank of bent boiler tubes, the tubes of which are arranged in rows spaced apart and extending substantially horizontally for a portion of their length and vertically for the remainder of their length, means connecting one end of the tubes of said bank to receive water from the boiler, headers into which the other ends of said tubes connect, and means connecting said headers to the steam space of the drum; a combustion chamber associated with said boiler; boiler elements in said combustion chamber including tubes connected with the drum, said tubes passing through the spaces between the rows of bent boiler tubes; and

means for introducing fuel into the combus- A drum, and a bank of bent boiler tubes connecting the first and second mentioned headers, said boiler tubes extending substantially horizontally for a portion of their len h and vertically for the remainder of their ength; a combustion chamber located beneath said boiler having steam evaporating tubes marginal of the combustion space, downcomer tubes connecting said evaporating tubes to the water space of said steam and water drum, upcomer tubes connectin said evaporating tubes to the steam space 0 said drum; anda superheater located in the space prov vided between said bent boiler tubes and the 15 drum, said superheater includin headers located outside of said space an the superlieater tubes extending through spaces between said first and second mentioned downcomer tubes. 1 2 In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.

- GEORGE P. JACKSON. 

